パワーリチウム電池のリサイクルチャネルの建設は危機的な時期に突入し、高コストと経済の低迷が業界の悩みの種になっています。
新エネルギー車産業が繁栄し発展している一方で、パワーバッテリーのリサイクルの問題も産業の焦点となっています。 数年の開発の後、新エネルギー車の大量廃棄期間が近づいています。 使用済みの電池を大量にリサイクル・活用できないと、資源の浪費につながるだけでなく、環境汚染などの問題も発生します。
"With the establishment of the production responsibility extension system with vehicle enterprises as the main body, the power battery recycling industry has entered a critical period of channel construction." Huang Jianzhong, former deputy inspector of the Department of Energy Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Secretary General of China Electronics Energy Saving Technology Association On April 17, at the 7th Automotive Power Battery Recycling and Regeneration and Secondary Battery Recycling and Regeneration Technology Seminar, it was stated that the design and production of power batteries in my country and the recycling, disposal and comprehensive utilization of waste power batteries are currently in urgent need of support and regulation. preliminary stage of development.
業界の問題点：コストが高く、経済が弱い
新エネルギー乗用車の引退期間は通常5年であり、乗用車および商用車の引退期間は3年である。 2022年以前は、使用済みのバッテリーはリン酸鉄リチウムバッテリーが主流でした。 2022年以降、使用済みの三元電池の数はリン酸鉄リチウムと同じになり、徐々にそれを上回ります。 2018年のパワーバッテリーの理論上の廃止措置容量は5.14GWhと予想され、廃止措置のソースは主に新エネルギーバスです。
記者は、関連事業を展開している企業は、主に従来のリサイクル企業、新興リサイクル企業、バッテリーパック工場、バッテリー材料企業、自動車メーカーの5つのカテゴリーに分類されることを知りました。
さまざまな種類のビジネスには、さまざまな長所と短所があります。 たとえば、従来のリサイクル会社は、リサイクルチャネル、材料再生技術、バッテリー破砕技術、製錬技術で比較的有利ですが、独自の電源バッテリーソースがないため、OEMやスクラッププラントと協力する必要があります。 新興のリサイクル会社の利点は、主にバッテリーの破砕および解体技術に反映されています。
現在、廃電力電池の処理方法は、主に乾式製錬技術と湿式製錬技術である。 北京鉱業冶金技術グループ有限公司の冶金研究所の所長である王海北氏は、既存の技術の製錬プロセスは非常に複雑で困難であると述べました。
"The smooth operation of the recycling system needs to be based on profit. If there is no profit drive, the enthusiasm of enterprises cannot be fully improved." Wang Haibei said frankly, "The existing investment in recycling technology and the construction of recycling outlets are very large, although many enterprises have deployed Test the water, but few companies have dug a large pot of gold."
It cannot be ignored that toxic electrolytes and harmful gases will be generated during the battery recycling process, which will cause great harm to the environment and human health if not handled properly. "Some companies use high-temperature heating or combustion in the processing process, and the lack of strict control can easily endanger the health of workers." Ming Yuebin, general manager of Harbin Batterui Resource Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out.
政府系企業が力を合わせて突破口を探す
上記の問題に対応して、関連する州の部門は、パワーバッテリーリサイクル業界を指導および規制するための一連の産業政策を発表しました。
In February this year, seven ministries including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Recycling and Utilization of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", clarifying that automobile manufacturers assume the main responsibility for power battery recycling. In March, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Recycling and Utilizing New Energy Vehicle Power Batteries", proposing to select some regions such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and central regions to carry out power battery recycling and utilization. The pilot, with the pilot as the center, radiates to the surrounding areas.
"The issuance of the above notice indicates that my country's recycling policy system is gradually being established." Yang Qingyu believes that "with the continuous breakthrough of related technologies, the speed of policy release will be accelerated, and relevant standards are expected to be released this year."
The participants believed that there are considerable differences in the battery type, battery capacity and voltage platform of new energy vehicles at present, which is the first hurdle for the cascade utilization of power batteries. Therefore, how to scientifically evaluate retired batteries has also become a decision on where to go. "The first pass.
"The evaluation process of retired batteries is mainly to upload the collected online and offline data to the monitoring platform at the same time, so as to analyze and process the battery pack and evaluate the performance." Fei, technical director of Beijing Jiangxin Battery Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out that from the evaluation As a result, the value of cascade utilization of ternary batteries is greater than that of direct dismantling.
報告によると、使用済みバッテリーが評価に合格した後、カスケード利用リンクを実行して、エネルギー貯蔵システムが全体的な経済性を改善し、リチウムバッテリーのサイクル寿命を最大化するのに役立てることができます。 現在、多くの企業がカスケード利用の実証プロジェクトを実施しています。
Zhang Bu, Vice President of Marketing of Shanghai Xida New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. told reporters: "It was originally predicted that the decay rate of battery cascade utilization was 3 percent -5 percent , but from the actual operation of the project, except for the cold months, most of the battery The discharge data showed no decay, even lower than the decay rate of a new battery."
For the treatment of toxic gases, Ming Yuebin believes that pipeline machinery can be used to crush the batteries and modules as a whole, recover the electrolyte as a whole, and use separation technology to separate materials, positive and negative powders, so as to obtain the final metal casing. "Because the diaphragm is completely recycled, it doesn't turn into a harmful gas," she added.
産業チェーンを磨くための-綿密な協力
パワーバッテリーのリサイクルシステムには、自動車会社、バッテリーメーカー、バッテリーリサイクル会社など多くのステークホルダーが関わっていると理解されています。チェーンは長く、実際の運用プロセスには依然として多くの困難があります。
In this regard, Xie Shaozhong, general manager of Jiangxi Ganfeng Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., gave a suggestion: "All links in the industrial chain need to be run in, but the overall principle should be 'professional people do professional things'. For example, auto companies should set up recycling channels, recycling After that, it will be handed over to comprehensive utilization enterprises for professional processing, and all links of the industrial chain will cooperate in depth."
多くの企業がこの青い海でパワーバッテリーのリサイクルを展開していると報告されています。
At the end of 2017, BAIC BJEV released the "Optimus Prime Plan": by 2022, it is expected to invest 10 billion yuan to build 3,000 optical storage and replacement power stations across the country, with a total of 500,000 battery-swappable vehicles and echelon energy storage batteries. Utilize more than 5GWh.
2018年1月、チャイナタワーコーポレーションとサウンドグループを含む16社が新エネルギー車のパワーバッテリーのリサイクルに関する戦略的パートナーシップ契約を締結しました。 チャイナタワーカンパニーは、テスト、分類、再編成の後に、純粋な電気バスから引退したパワーバッテリーを使用して、通信基地局のエネルギーバックアップ用の鉛-酸性バッテリーを交換します。
"Both car companies and power battery companies are striving to implement the advanced concept of extended producer responsibility. I hope that all participants can explore the establishment of power battery recycling suitable for the characteristics of industries, enterprises and products from the perspective of undertaking corporate social responsibility. Huang Jianzhong pointed out, "If the finishing touch of the power battery is the cascade utilization and resource disposal, then the establishment of the recycling mode and mechanism will be its magic touch."
